First case report of usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing typhlitis (an oncological emergency)

Methods A 35-year-old lady was admitted with febrile neutropenia complaining of shortness of breath, productive cough and chest tightness. Having been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia nine months ago, her disease had relapsed soon after allogeneic stem cell transplant from matched donor. A few diagnostic CECTs during her hospital stay showed findings in chest only confirmed to be due to invasive fungal and viral infections. Following some improvement, she was prescribed palliative subcutaneous cytarabine. The patient developed backache and neck pain with no findings on MRI. Due to continued fever and sepsis despite maximum treatment, PET/CT was requested by infectious disease team.